What is outsourcing Essay - 2183 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;What is Outsourcing? It is a method in which companies subcontract labor and support to outside agencies (Klepper, 1997). How, why, and who companies outsource to are quickly becoming social topics of discussion in our society. Everyone seems to have an opinion on outsourcing. I bet that I can walk into a social gathering right now and hear discussions like â€Å"outsourcing is good for the American consumer† or outsourcing takes jobs away from all of the hard working Americans.† In either case, outsourcing has raised great concerns over its effects on the American economy. In this paper, I will discuss the types of outsourcing, pros and cons associated with outsourcing, management views of outsourcing, employee†¦show more content†¦Also, it may be more expensive to outsource. Sometimes it is cheaper to keep a process in-house as compared to outsourcing. Security and confidentiality concerns may arise, especially with payroll and confide ntial information such as salary (Earl, 1996). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;BPO is similar to information technology outsourcing but includes outsourcing related to accounting, HR, benefits, payroll, and finance functions and activities (Embleton, 1998). Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) is a decision to subcontract some or all important, non-core, business processes. This allows companies to invest its time, talent, and capital on basic business strategies that help company growth. Better and more affordable services become available for consumers and taxpayers (Embleton, 1998). Outsourcing allows companies to operate on an around-the-clock, 24/7 production cycle, further adding to productivity (Embleton, 1998). No matter what type of outsourcing a company uses, there is a see-saw effect, someone on the high and low end. There are pros, cons, positives and negatives. For example, if you are a cost-cutting director at a competitive company, the mention of outsourcing, especially offshore, may bring a smile to your face. For computer programmers, call center workers, or factory workers the reaction is likely to be more negative. The primary pro is that outsourcing jobs outside of the U.S. may help toShow MoreRelatedWhat Is IT Outsourcing?1086 Words   |  5 PagesIndia is facing competition from other countries around the world in IT outsourcing. China, Ireland, The Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam, Poland, and Egypt are just some of the countries that are aggressively looking at IT outsourcing for growth. Over the years, these countries have been developing their country to be able to provide IT outsourcing and lay a strong foundation to sustain this new idea. According to KPMG (2016), some o f the investments these countries have done are build a huge marketRead MoreWhat Are The Challenges Of Outsourcing Research And Development To India846 Words   |  4 PagesThere will be some technology standards issues that the company will encounter by outsourcing research and development to India. Business Process Outsourcing (BPO’s) in India do not always display sufficient compliance with data security and privacy policies that are up to U.S. standards. Therefore, security requirements will be an issue in the research and development collaboration between the U.S. and the India offices. Even though the laws may have similarities, there are no global legal systemsRead MoreOutsourcing American Jobs Essay1561 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Outsourcing of American jobs overseas is displacing Americans in the United States. American blue-collar workers and the Middle Class American will soon be a word of the past if the US government continues outsourcing the low-skill jobs overseas. One of the concerns in regards to the outsourcing of jobs is that wages of American jobs versus the wages of the Chinese, Japanese, Indians and Philippians are much less. If these workers were using the same identical technologyRead More Outsourcing Essay1680 Words   |  7 PagesOutsourcing Outsourcing has become a very popular issue, and it has reached an all-time climax. Firms are starting to do this a lot more than than in the previous decade. What is outsourcing? Outsourcing is defined as â€Å"The procuring of services or products, such as the parts used in manufacturing a motor vehicle, from an outside supplier or manufacturer in order to cut costs.† And it has become a big issue in our country. There are thousands of articles and books written on it, and you can attendRead MoreThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing1442 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are the advantages and disadvantages to outsourcing in the global marketplace? In these times of great globalization where many countries have erased their borders when it comes to trade outsourcing has become an option for many companies. Whether or not to outsource is a key question that companies must consider. According to the Pros and Cons of Outsourcing, â€Å"The decision to outsource or not is a matter of finding the right balance-the balance between managing labor costs, workflow, employeeRead MoreOutsourcing Of Aviation Maintenance Practices And The Effects Of Globalization1352 Words   |  6 Pages Outsourcing of Aviation Maintenance Practices and the Effects of Globalization Matthew Wilkerson Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Worldwide May 16, 2016 â€Æ' Abstract Within the aviation industry outsourced maintenance practices have become increasingly more prevalent to maintain current assets. There is generally three processes currently being utilized by the airline industry: outsourcing specific maintenance needs, in-house operations, and lastly, a hybrid approach, which entails a combinationRead MoreLabor in the United States and Outsourcing Essay1034 Words   |  5 PagesOutsourcing emerged on the financial arena during the 1980s and has since then been spreading. Outsourcing production was furthered with the process of globalization which provided a new component leading to the strengthening of resources, skill and labor specializations across the world. The process of outsourcing is using the skill and abilities of a third-party to accommodate society on the foundation of labor. As stated earlier, it was during the 1980s that the process kicked off mainly due toRead MoreOutsourcing : Outsourcing And Outsourcing1541 Words   |  7 Page syears, although outsourcing has been seen as a common method used to achieve a successful business, many literatures on Information System still believe that most of the software could be better off build in-house and this can also be supported with the fact that there are evidences of organisations that took a significant damage from outsourcing. Therefore, whether or not a company should outsource part of their projects, it all depends on how the organisation manages its outsourcing system. This paperRead MoreTaking a Look at Global Outsourcing1407 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal outsourcing has been claimed as one of the major drivers for the globalization of production. Discuss how global outsourcing benefits the firms and why firms choose to engage in outsourcing. Global outsourcing is used by companies to help enhance and develop the business. Global outsourcing also taken by a firm to help solve problems that occur in an Organizations. Global outsourcing is helping organizations to take some expertise from outside which takes outsourcing locally and internationallyRead MoreOutsourcing: Staying Competitive In The Global Market Essays1719 Words   |  7 Pagescompanies are faced with the decision of relocating part of their operation offshore. This paper will address what key elements companies in this situation need to address, such as, quality of customer service provided, security of confidential information, and the possibilities of cost savings, in order to be sure that outsourcing is the best solution for their company. Outsourcing to Stay Competitive For companies to stay competitive in todays global market, many are facing the decision

Business Strategy The 3Cs Model of Ohmae - 1081 Words

3Cs Model of Ohmae In the background of any business strategy, three main players must be taken into account: the corporation itself, the customer, and the competition. Each of these â€Å"strategic three Cs† is a living entity with its own interests and objectives. We shall call them, collectively, the â€Å"strategic triangle†,’ says Ohmae. Seen in this context, the job of the strategist is to achieve superior performance, relative to competition, in the key factors for success of the business. In addition, other job of the strategist is to be sure that his strategy properly matches the strengths of the corporation with the needs of a clearly defined market. Matching of the needs and objectives of the two parties involved is required for a lasting good relationship; without it, the corporation’s long-term viability may be in deficiency. The 3Cs Model is a strategical look at the factors needed for success. The 3C’s model points out that a strategist should take care on three key factors for being successful. In the development of a business strategy, three main things must be taken into account: 1. The Corporation 2. The Customer 3. The Competitors Through by integrating these three C’s (Corporation, Customer,Competitors) in a strategic triangle, sustainable competitive advantage can exist. These key factors are also known as the three C’s or strategic triangle. 1. The Corporate-Based Strategy In general the corporation needs strategies aiming to maximize the corporation’sShow MoreRelated3cs Model1118 Words   |  5 PagesIlluminations 3C s Model of Ohmae T he 3C s Model is a strategical look at the factors needed for success. It was developed by Kenichi Ohmae, a business and corporate strategist. The 3C’s model points out that a strategist should focus on three key factors for success. In the construction of a business strategy, three main players must be taken into account: CORPORATION 1. The Corporation 2. The Customer 3. The Competitors Only by integrating these three C’s (CorporationRead MoreStrategic Planning Theories5409 Words   |  22 Pages822 Seminars in Strategy and International Business Strategic Planning Theories A Literature Review By; Benjamin J. Shuford III 8/24/10 Introduction: Strategic planning is a broad concept that has been introduced into the main stream practices of today’s corporations. Strategic planning can be defined as an organization’s process of defining goals, direction, and decision making processes that effect the allocation of resources that include capital and people. The term â€Å"strategy† is derived fromRead MoreStrategic Analysis of Tesco Plc9562 Words   |  39 PagesOrganizational Overview 2 2.1 VMOST 3 3.0 Evaluation of the External Business Environment 5 3.1 PEST Analysis 5 3.2 Porter’s Five (5) Forces 6 3.3 Industry Life Cycle 7 3.4 Key Success Factors 8 3.5 Competitor Analysis 11 3.6 Degree of Turbulence 13 3.7 Opportunities Threats 14 4.0 Evaluation of the Internal Business Environment 16 4.1 Resource Audit 16 4.2 Value chain Analysis 17 4.3 Mc Kinsey 7-S Model 21 4.4 GE Matrix 23 4.5 VRIO Framework 25 4.6 Core CompetenciesRead MoreStrategic Analysis of Tesco Plc9548 Words   |  39 PagesOrganizational Overview 2 2.1 VMOST 3 3.0 Evaluation of the External Business Environment 5 3.1 PEST Analysis 5 3.2 Porter’s Five (5) Forces 6 3.3 Industry Life Cycle 7 3.4 Key Success Factors 8 3.5 Competitor Analysis 11 3.6 Degree of Turbulence 13 3.7 Opportunities Threats 14 4.0 Evaluation of the Internal Business Environment 16 4.1 Resource Audit 16 4.2 Value chain Analysis 17 4.3 Mc Kinsey 7-S Model 21 4.4 GE Matrix 23 4.5 VRIO Framework 25 4.6 Core Competencies

American Airlines Free Essays

string(35) " for juvenile delinquents as well\." According to the Chinese Philosopher Xun Zi, Man is really evil in nature and can only be good if he is trained to be one (Co, 1992). This could be a main reason why rehabilitation and harsher punishments were imposed on different prison camps. However, another Chinese Philosopher in the name of Meng Zi tells us the opposite. We will write a custom essay sample on American Airlines or any similar topic only for you Order Now He tells us that Man is naturally good because he has a sense of pity, right and wrong, truth and falsity, and good end evil. Man is only tempted to commit mistakes because of negligence, wrong environment, and the willful desire to become evil (Co, 1992). This makes us realize that even if they commit mistakes and are proven responsible for that act, no matter how grave it is, they still deserve to be treated as man. Can our current approach to sentencing and corrections be successful and continue? Our current approach to sentencing and corrections can be successful, but not for a very long time as more people clamors for changes in the policies of the correctional system. In our present time, we believe that incarceration is the best way to rehabilitate an offender, but we were wrong as other methods can be used like fines, probation, community service, treatments and other sanctions (Stemen, 2007). The report of Mr. Don Stemens (2007) tells us that further intensification of incarceration is not the most effective way to increase safety in the community, since it only has less significant effects, and has greater effects on the taxpayers. From 1985 to 2004, it was recorded to hit a 202 percent increase. In one of the studies, it was even said that higher incarceration rates would mean higher crime rates. Furthermore, crime rate is really influenced by the economy, society, demography, culture, politics and incarceration rates of a county (Stemen, 2007). Still, the Declaration of Principles serves as the foundation of the country’s prison management for 100 years (Mega essays –). This Declaration is the result of the Cincinnati conference. Things in the crime and punishment system of the United States really changed after liberty in 1970’s. From the introduction of the first American penal colony in Philadelphia in 1870, to the prohibition of cutting body parts and other ways of torturing as a way of punishing the culprits, to the introduction of the Auburn Model, to the beginning of vocational training, education, parole, and the division between the prison cells for young and adult prisoners (Mega essays, n. d. ), the correctional system is doing its best to provide its citizens the security that they need (Raver, 2007). Other innovations would include the medical model of prison management and rebirth of indefinite sentencing. Another discovery is the indeterminate sentence method, where in every five days of good behavior would reduce one day of sentenced imprisonment for the convicted prisoners (Mega essays, n. d. ). As there are only town operated jails before they are the only department that can deal with felons (serious offenders) in the absence of state of federal prisons. Pain through the beating of physical punishments was applied to the prisoners. But instead of using pain, the country’s leaders would now want the convicts to be sanctioned from practicing their liberty (Mega essays, n. d. ). Aside from that, it is true that before, and in some cases, even today, convicted criminals were controlled and punished by intervention, ethical education, and isolation (Mega essays, n. d. ). Isolation would mean that they are not allowed to communicate with others, and will only get a chance to work with others without communicating again when working together in silent labor prison factories, just like what is according to the Auburn Model. The Auburn Model was first implemented in New York State prison. According to the Auburn Model, imprisonment of a convicted culprit must be the period for him or her to let her body and soul dominate that can be achieved through habit and regimentation provided by the very authoritative control system. But this did not happen as an environment of slavery was created in the prison camps. (Raver, E 2007). But this is already too much. From the report of Mr. Stemen, he mentioned about the report of Mr. Michael Jacobson, the Director of the Vera Institute of Justice. Mr. Jacobson said that harsher punishments and strengthened rules for imprisonment will decrease the threat imposed by the increase in crime rates. Insufficiency of the date is not a problem as they now have sufficient data to support their claim. When that time comes, then it would be easy for policy makers to understand complex policies. A 10 percent increase in the number of incarcerations would only decrease 2 to 4% decrease. From 1970 to 2005, an increase of 628 percent in the construction of state and federal institutions was reported, with a number of 1. 5 Million incarcerated criminals in U. S prisons and 750, 000 persons imprisoned in local jails per day. 5. 6 Million of the U. S population experienced being in prison. From 1992 to 1997, it was recorded to have a 25% effect in reduction of crimes, and the rest was caused by other reasons (Stemen, 2007). If they really want to reduce the crime rate, governments must focus on the increase in the number of police per capita, real wage rates, and education, and the decrease in unemployment rate (Stemen, 2007). Will rehabilitation continue as a primary correctional goal? Because on the belief of the efficacy of incarceration in the rehabilitation of prisoners, it is expected that more prison camps will be constructed which will come largely from the revenue collected by the states to go to this objective. In the 21st century, more funds are reserved for the construction of new penal colonies. In fact nowadays, they are more than the churches and the schools (Raver, 2007). The plan is that penal colonies will now provide different facilities that will further promote the rehabilitation of adult prisoners and for juvenile delinquents as well. You read "American Airlines" in category "Papers" Just like the North West Ohio Juvenile Detention, Training and Rehabilitation Center that has individual detention cells, control room, multi-purpose room, classrooms, intake area, nurse clinic, gymnasium, library, and a secured outdoor recreation area (Patrick, 2007). This will help the juveniles to develop their skills and talents while serving their sentence, so that once they are released, they will be able to help their community, the country. They have a highly structured curriculum where in the teachers are licensed by the Ohio Department of Education. There is an admission exam that will test their knowledge in math, science, and the language arts. This is for the placement in the Center’s computer based education curriculum. There is also the Accelerated reader program that will uphold their reading comprehension level that is suitable and proper to them. The Centre also has one hour per day organized group large muscle activity that that follows the 5139-37-18 of the Ohio Administrative Code. Aside form this. There are one hour additional recreational activities, calisthenics, and leisure activities. Group sessions and total family sessions were also held. Aside from that, they conduct mental health assessments, and counseling. But according to the findings of Senator Whitmire and Rep. Madden, the real problem of the increase in crime rate is no other than the faulty and weak criminal justice policies and practices (high revocation rates of probationers, lack of in-prison or community-based treatment and diversion options, and low parole grant rate). They think that what was done in the past is already enough. They think that the money should be more spent on more quality projects that the population can enjoy. Their goal is to lessen the expenses appropriated by the federal government in constructing too many prisons (The PEW Center on the States, 2008). The two legislators do not believe in building more prisons. For them, what is important is to treat the drug addicts, alcoholics, and to those individuals on parole and on probation that are having some difficult time coping with problems, this will prevent them to go out of the prison and eventually commit the same crime, or commit a new one (The PEW Center on the States 2008). Legislators instead must pass bills that will give correction agencies computers that will have Compstat program that will be used to trace their caseloads (Public Safety Performance 2007). Presently, more and more correctional agencies are emerging in the idea that they can help in the progress of public safety thru helping the offenders to complete their period of rehabilitation (The PEW Center of the States 2007). The expansion of the country’s prison system does not actually decrease crime rate if their aim is to only imprison many of the citizens without really reducing the rate of criminal offenses. It is said that incarceration is the best way to avoid one from doing crimes, but is not effective in punishing and debilitating those persons, but it works (Stemen, 2007). For example, it said that the imprisonment of drug criminals will defeat the purpose and efficacy of this system to decrease the crime rate. Its predominantly negative implication on drug criminals were also reported (Stemen, 2007). Will supervision of offenders in the community change on approach? What should be focused on is to provide the centers with different facilities where they can mold their talent, skills, etc. where they can use when they go out. In the Pennsylvania system, guards have a complete supervision of the prisoners in the centers (Mega essays, n. d. ). We cannot prevent that there might be some special incidents that can happened in the detention place, like acts of aggression, disorderly behavior, attempts of the juvenile to harm himself, and threats in security. This is where the guards are most needed. In 2007, it is recorded that there were 40 special incidents in the North West Ohio Juvenile Detention. But before doing all of this, they must first provide solution to the correctional system first. The Correctional system has different problems like its rising cost, the overcrowding of prison cells and the increased hazard for both the inmates and the correctional personnel (Raver, 2007). For example in Texas, they will have to a lot additional $900 million to add more beds in prison camps (The PEW Center on the States, 2008). Some of the solutions given to these problems were the following: First, prohibit the unsupervised release of the prisoners just to solve the overcrowding of convicts in the prison cells. This will rather increase the risk of the security of the citizens. It will be appropriate to have it supervised. In this way, the rehabilitation of the prisoner and the security of the community will not be at stake. When we say rehabilitation, this would include counseling, therapy and traditional probation (Raver, 2007). Second, White collar criminals or non-violent offenders do not need to be imprisoned anymore. This will only occupy space, and waste the money of the government (Raver, 2007). The parole system does not only let ex-convicts to enjoy a free life. Even if these people were already outside, the authorities still monitors them (Mega essays, n. d. ). They need to make sure that they will completely supervise them, just to prevent those persons to repeat their crimes, or to do another crime. But of course, this will not be easy for the released prisoners. But if this will not be prevented, if they commit the same mistakes, or does a new crime, it is important that the following must be considered first: the degree of the crime committed, the danger it imposed to the community, and the cost. Senior administrators must be there to review the violation, and most importantly issue policy and guidelines for responding to these parole related violations (The PEW Center of the States, 2007). Those under parole will find it very hard to earn some money and to find a permanent job because employers’ sets high standards that in some point they were not able to meet or they are just discriminated and pre-judged. If not, they are just limited to some certain dirty jobs, thus some of them would find solution by venturing into illegal jobs (Stemen 2007). Once again, the role of the authorities is important, especially the policy makers. Prison-based education programs will not only help the prisoners to change themselves, but it can also serve as a tool to prepare them before going inside and join their community. Another one is for the policy makers to train better probation and parole officers (Stemen 2007). Do we need a new paradigm for sentencing and corrections? It is suggested that the kind of system that the United States have must be re-examined and re-evaluated based on its total performance (Raver, E 2007) The prison system in the eyes of the convicts is inefficient in terms of really playing its purpose because of some hostilities inside the penal colonies which should not happen. The facility should train, educate, and mold the person to a person that is ready to face the challenges if the time comes that he’ll leave the prison. But this is not what is really happening in these places (Raver, 2007). Community corrections agency are expected to produce report at least once a month, but instead the report contains only a list of their activities annually. Community corrections agency is expected that they should have a system to determine and manage movement towards the prevention of crime and addiction. They should not only monitor the progress of paroled person, and the individual managers in their effort to promote the achievement of their objectives. Incentives will also be given to managers and staff (Public Safety Performance, 2007). So far, it is said that the United States has the highest rate of incarceration amounting to 450 people for each 100, 000 people (Mega essays, n. d. ). The effects of increased incarceration rates will still be affected by different factors such as the range of in state prisons population, which has actually less effect and crime rate (Stemen, 2007). In Florida, both the rate of crime rate, and the rate of incarceration increased, that eventually destroys the society, especially the family, steals the time of some imprisoned parents to take care of their children, and can also take the present and future income of the community where this people belong, and would only cater to the feeling of bitterness towards the present legal system, thus overall creating social disorder that makes way for the further push of crime rates in a higher level (Stemen, 2007). The North West Ohio Juvenile Detention, Training and Rehabilitation Center accepts into its custody those delinquents that is physically and emotionally threatened or hurt, run away child, abandoned child, and or is ordered by court, as stated in the Rule 7 of the Ohio Ruled of Juvenile Procedure. Other private institutions and groups that give leadership training and change for the youth, family, and the community, should increase their role in this issue. What the government cannot provide, they can supply (Stemen, 2007). What the citizens think now is to make some policies that will quickly respond to the real cause of crime and not just simply facing it. In a survey in 1994, 48% believes on this, that later on increased by 2001 reaching a rate of 65%. On the other hand, 42% believe that using a harsher sentence will decrease crime rate, and became 32% in 2001 (Stemen, 2007). They suggest that authorities must reconsider their thoughts about incarceration, that they must consider more the mentioned aspects in policy making (Stemen 2007). Can we reduce the impact of prisonization and improve the successful reentry of prisoners to the community? Yes we can. Treatment of services, conditions and intensity of supervision, release, and responses to violations are appropriately assigned which paves the way for an increase in crime rate because of its inefficiency. They should be supervised heavy-handedly grave offenders, and light-handedly on those light offenders, with no intensive interventions included (The PEW Center of the States, 2007). But the establishment of institutions like The Bureau of Federal Prisons, and structures like Alcatraz were primarily built as a way to decrease the crime rate in the country, and to make sure that the most dangerous criminals are caught and kept imprisoned. This is the only way that the federal government can answer the challenge of those big time criminals who have more power and weapons than the law enforcers (Raver, 2007). The common problem for those freed convicted criminals is that they were viewed by others as a threat or danger to the peace and orderliness of the community. Some of them are always imprisoned, whether they commit another crime, or they repeat what they did. The people from the community believe that instead of changing into a better person, which should be the real purpose of imprisonment, they only got worst inside, which reflects the people’s disappointment in the country’s correctional system (Raver, 2007). Policy makers should have a statistics of the percentage of those who were revoked for violating the rules of their parole, and the percentage of those who were revoked for committing new crimes. Judges, the parole board and the agency must be well coordinated in order to prepare the prisoner for the world outside the prison and detention center. They should continuously promote the prevention of crime, and not just the revocation of supervision (The PEW Center of the States, 2007). It is also said that consequences for different violations are not maximized. Policy makers must make sure that every violation is faced with an appropriate punishment. It is said that in order for supervision agencies to react appropriately to the needs of the culprit, they must have community based services and sanctions. They can use electronic monitoring or day reporting centers (The PEW Center of the States, 2007). Aside from providing the needed facilities for the prisoners, they must, at the same time, evaluate the third generation instruments that can unchangeable and changeable. It is concluded in one report that rewards are more effective than penalties in molding one’s behavior (The PEW Center of the States 2007). They can also use incentives that will encourage the prisoners to comply with the conditions and to prohibit themselves from doing another crime or repeating the crime again. It can be in a form of gift, certificates, reducing the treatment requirements, and minimal supervision (The PEW Center of the States 2007). References Co, Alfredo P. , 1992, Philosophy of China: The Blooming of a Hundred Flowers, Manila, Philippines: University of Santo Tomas. Mega essays. , –, American Corrections†¦A History. Available from: http://www. megaessays. com/viewpaper/1128. html Patrick, Brian, 2007, North West Ohio Juvenile Detention, Training, and Rehabilitation Center Annual Report 2007 Available from: www. nwojdc. org/NWOJDC_Annual_Report_2007. doc Public Safety Performance, July 2007, You Get What You Measure: Compstat for Community Corrections No. 1. Available from: http://www. pewtrusts. org/uploadedFiles/wwwpewtrustsorg/Reports/sentencing_and_corrections/Compsta-Key-Questions. pdf Raver, Edward, 2007, Understanding the American corrections system. Available from; http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/137619/understanding_the_american_corrections. html Stemen, Don, January 2007, Reconsidering Incarceration: New Directions for Reducing Crime. Available from: http://www. vera. org/publication_pdf/379_727. pdf The PEW Center on the States, January 2008, Changing Direction: a Bipartisan Team Paves a New Path for sentencing and Corrections in Texas No. 4. Available from: http://www. pewtrusts. org/uploadedFiles/wwwpewtrustsorg/Reports/sentencing_and_corrections/one_in_100. pdf The PEW Center of the States, November 2007, When Offenders Break the Rules: Smart Responses to Parole and Probation Violations. Available from: http://www. pewtrusts. org/uploadedFiles/wwwpewtrustsorg/Reports/sentencing_and_corrections/Condition-Violators-Key-Questions. pdf How to cite American Airlines, Papers

Global Vs Local Brand Positioning Strategies

Question: Discuss about the Global Vs Local Brand Positioning Strategies. Answer: Introduction: Depending on the customer preferences and the variables those shape their purchasing decisions, the modern day companies need to design their marketing strategies. In the travel industry customer segmentation can be done with various factors. The Roy Morgan value segments provide an innovative market segmentation pattern. In this report, the author has chosen the PO Cruises to identify two suitable customer segments mentioned in the Roy Morgan value segments system. He has divided the report in three parts. In the beginning, the theory of the Roy Morgan value segments has been discussed. Next, the suitable positioning and marketing strategy have been mentioned for selected two market segments. Then, the author has concluded the report with a summary of the discussion. Background of the company: The PO Cruises is the oldest cruise line having its operation in 19th century as the first commercial passenger ship. It is a subsidiary of the Carnival Corporation plc. Having headquarter in the UK, the company operates eight ships with the passenger capacity of 14, 970 (Cruises Cruise Holidays 2017 2018 - PO Cruises, 2017). The company owns 5% market share of all cruise lines worldwide. Operating since 1837, the company is experiencing success till today. The latest vassal named MV Britannia joined the company in 2015 (Cruises Cruise Holidays 2017 2018 - PO Cruises, 2017). The Roy Morgan value segmentation: As mentioned by Lees, Winchester and De Silva (2016), the market research done of Roy Morgan, provides a segmentation of the patterns of thinking and choices that drive people to make any purchasing decision in favour of a certain brand. The Roy Morgan lifestyle segmentation divides the potential customers into ten different lifestyle segments. These can be discussed as followed: Basic needs: This particular segment is associated to the communities and loves to be surrounded with their families and community people. This pattern of thinking is associated top the customers who are retired, pensioners and the receivers of the social security payments. A fairer deal: the Roy Morgan lifestyle segmentation has found that the segment of people who are unskilled, come from the spectre of unemployment, family pressure and life struggle. They are mostly cynical and posses a low level of satisfaction from life (Roy Morgan.com, 2017). Traditional family life: This pattern of thinking can be found in the middle aged customer base, which possesses a stable family life and housing facilities. This particular segment seeks the meaning of life in spirituality and being well respected in the society (Roy Morgan.com, 2017). Conventional family life: As mentioned by Lees, Winchester and De Silva (2016), this particular segment lives mainly in the suburban localities. This particular thinking pattern is closely associated to the lifestyle where they put all their concentration over the betterment of the lives of their children and family. Look at me: This particular segment is associated to a lifestyle where people spend money is unnecessary consumptions. This group is mostly self-cantered and peer driven. They spend hours in watching commercial TV and indulging in unproductive hobbies (Roy Morgan.com, 2017). Something better: this lifestyle can associate itself with the behaviour of competitiveness. This segment doesnt like spending on luxuries and generally has debts (Roy Morgan.com, 2017). Real conservatism: the mature and mid-career people are associated with this particular lifestyle segmentation. As mentioned by Lees, Winchester and De Silva (2016), this segment live their lives by following conservative idea and seeks security and control over their lives. Young optimism: the young professional, technocrats or students with a focus on achieving good career, overseas travel, a sense of outgoing lives can be associated with this lifestyle segmentation (Roy Morgan.com, 2017). Visible achievement: this segment treats life as a journey and focuses climbing the social ladder. They opt for job satisfaction, high income, travel experience etc. (Roy Morgan.com, 2017). Socially aware: The highest socio-economic group is associated with this particular lifestyle. They love to spend on the luxuries of life. This mind set can be found among the public servants, pressure groups, politicians, business analysts etc. as mentioned by Lees, Winchester and De Silva (2016), the people associated to this particular lifestyle is not afraid of trying new things in life and tries to pursue others to accept their lifestyles. Importance of lifestyle segmentation: As discussed by Koh and Brunner (2015), identification of the lifestyle pattern of the target customers makes the marketers know more about the customers expectation and their sense of utility about the product. A product or service needs to address the requirements of the customers which are largely dependent on the value base, likeability of spending, perception about the satisfaction of life and many other psycho social behavioural patterns. Here, in the context of identifying the travelling behaviour and the preference of spending, the expectations will be diversified among ten different segments. As the basic needs segment is largely dependent on the social security assistance, belongs to the group of the senior citizens and likes to spend time with the family and friends, they shows a low incidence of holiday travel (Roy Morgan.com, 2017). On the other hand, the segment that has the lifestyle of young optimism differs fro this group in their travel behaviour. The customer segment of young optimism loves to enjoy the outgoing life. They are not afraid of trying new things and having excitement. Hence, as discussed by Lees, Winchester and De Silva (2016), this segment travels frequently and spends on adventure travels. In such a context, the companies related to this industry needs to share their services according to the different needs of this two different customer segment. Thus, the lifestyle segmentation helps corr ectly identifying the requirements of the customers. Selection of customer segment: Being a cruise ship company, the PO Cruises serves a premium travel experience. Hence, the company can select these two different customer groups: The socially aware: The people with this lifestyle belong to the highest income group. Concerning to their travel behaviour, among all the other value segments, the social aware has the highest frequency of travelling and they are like to spend big on the holidays (Roy Morgan.com, 2017). They enjoy travelling overseas destinations, spend on the luxurious accommodation and travel by high end air buses and cruise ships. Hence, being a premium travel service provider, PO Cruises can select this particular lifestyle segment. Young optimism: Like the socially aware segment of customers the young optimism group travels frequently. Being the individuals who love adventure and seeks satisfaction in gathering new knowledge and experience, this lifestyle segment is likely to travel overseas by using the commercial transport such as cruise ships, airlines, buses and trains. However, they differ from the previously selected segment as they travel with friend or in groups and like to obtain budget accommodation (Roy Morgan.com, 2017). Now, depending on these two different segmentations, the company needs to make suitable changes in its marketing strategy. Application in marketing mix and positioning: As discussed by Koh and Brunner (2015), depending on the selected customer segmentation, the companies need to make differentiated marketing strategy. In this selected context, the two different customer segment lives two different lifestyles; hence, their preferences change accordingly. Here, the PO Cruises needs to make two different marketing strategies for each of them. The positioning strategy: As mentioned by Gammoh, Koh, Okoroafo (2015), the companies can choose from various options like attribute positioning, benefit positioning, application positioning, user positioning, competitor positioning and value positioning. As discussed by Koh and Brunner (2015), depending on the point of differentiation from the competitors the organizations create its position in the psyche of the customers. For the socially aware group: Here the company needs to opt for the attribute positioning by making aware of the contribution of the brand in the industry and highlighting its journey since 1837. This brand image will create a point of differentiation to the customers. For the young optimism group: Here, the company needs to opt for the value positioning strategy by promoting the services as the best quality in the low or reasonable pricing. The added facilities and the offerings of high quality service in low pricing will be the point of differentiation. The marketing mix: As discussed by Huang and Sarigll (2014), depending on the preferences, sense of utility, requirements and spending pattern of the customers the marketers need to concentrate on creating a pragmatic marketing mix. As discussed by Koh and Brunner (2015), the theory or model of marketing mix talks about the identification of the product or service features, pricing decisions, distribution channels and the promotional strategies to address the highest number of segmented customer group. Product: Since 1837 PO Cruises is serving fun cruise ship experience to the customers. It is the subsidiary of the largest and most popular cruise line in the world, i.e. Carnival Corporation plc. PO Cruises is the oldest cruise line in the world. It provides fleet service in the countries like Bermuda, Australia (Cruises Cruise Holidays 2017 2018 - PO Cruises, 2017). The ships of the PO Cruises provides accommodation, all main meals, entertainment, library, facilities like swimming pool, gym, sauna, steam rooms etc. Moreover, this cruise line maintains the strategy of being a destination rather than some particular port of call. Now, depending on the preferences of the Young optimism group, the cruise line needs to make some changes in its service offerings. Here, the company can opt for a providing the service of stopping by selected ports for supporting the preferences of this particular customer group of spending the vacation in cities where they can go for shopping, dine at restaurants, go to musical concerts and cinemas and take part in adventurous activities. The cruise line can also provide such facilities of adventure in their cruises such as scuba diving. Moreover, to accommodate this group, the company introduce multi bed rooms. On the other hand, for the the socially aware group, the company can opt for integrating services like spa, high end musical or theatrical performances, exotic dining service and many more. For addressing this particular segment, the company needs to focus on high quality around the clock service and luxurious accommodations. Moreover, they can also opt for serving customised services to this group in reference to foods or facilities. Price: As mentioned by Koh and Brunner (2015), depending on the service offerings and the customers willingness to pay for this service, the companies need to settle down for its pricing strategies. The socially aware group of customers belong to the highest income level. For addressing the preferences of this group, the company is going implement high end and customised services. Hence, it is important for the company to opt for a premium pricing policy. On the other hand, the young optimism group does not need customised or high end services. They want quality accommodation in reasonable budget. For the added facilities the company can charge extra to the borders but it needs to be attainable by the middle income group. Hence, for addressing the young optimism group, the company can opt for competitive pricing strategy. As the company is providing extra facilities in lower price it will attract this customer base more proactively. Place: As mentioned by Koh and Brunner (2015), selection of the appropriate place or the distribution channel is a prerequisite for the marketing mix model. Here, in the case of PO Cruises, the company needs to opt for the travel agents as the distribution channel for addressing the socially aware segment. Being the high end customer they tend to assign the travel arrangement responsibilities to such agents. Hence, approaching the travel agents will be the placing strategy. On the other hand, the young optimism group is more likely to search online. Hence, the company website and partnership with other travel agency websites for obtaining tickets will the most pragmatic distribution channel for PO Cruises. Promotion: For the socially aware segment: Here, the company can opt for the strategies like print advertisements in the business or high end travel magazines. Arranging PR events like marathon or social causes and inviting such people can also be an effective promotional strategy (Huang and Sarigll, 2014). Moreover, providing discounts to the travel agents will be a successful promotional strategy to collect this customer group. Young optimism group: On the other hand, for addressing this particular group, the company can opt for content advertisements in travel blogs, social media platforms etc. on the other hand; the option of loyalty card or seasonal discounts can also be some effective promotional strategies for addressing this customer group (Roy Morgan.com, 2017). Conclusion: In conclusion it can be said that the traditional market segmentation pattern, the demographic status of the potential customers is being evaluated, in reference to the gender, age group, level of education and many more. The Roy Morgan value segmentation identified another dimension- depth of understanding- that essentially helps in identifying the motivations and reasons that encourages the buying decision of the customer in favour of a particular brand. For best selection of the customer group for PO Cruises, this theory can be essentially helpful. However, for addressing each of the segments, the company needs to follow different marketing strategies so that it can become the most relevant to the lifestyles of the customers. References: Cruises Cruise Holidays 2017 2018 - PO Cruises. (2017). Pocruises.com. Retrieved 17 January 2017, from https://www.pocruises.com/ Gammoh, B. S., Koh, A. C., Okoroafo, S. C. (2015). Global Vs. Local Brand Positioning Strategies: the Moderating Effect Of Belief in Global Citizenship. In Proceedings of the 2010 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 314-314). Springer International Publishing. Huang, R., Sarigll, E. (2014). How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. In Fashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors (pp. 113-132). Springer Naew York. Koh, A. C., Brunner, J. A. (2015). Consumer Perceptions Towards Products Made in the Peoples Republic of China: Implications for Marketing Strategy. In Proceedings of the 1988 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 122-126). Springer International Publishing. Lees, G., Winchester, M., De Silva, S. (2016). Demographic product segmentation in financial services products in Australia and New Zealand. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 21(3), 240-250. Roy Morgan.com (2017). Roy Morgan. Retrieved 17 January 2017, from https://www.roymorgan.com/