Housing Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lodging Policy - Essay Example This ccontact check lodging strategy changes about all aspects of vagrancy (Davis, 2010) For instance, Aylesbury Vale District Council (AVDC) in Buckinghamshire County is encircled by hundred littler towns like Buckingham, Haddenham, Winslow, Wendover and the sky is the limit from there, covering around 900 square kilometers. The Vale has around 69 258 family units and a populace of 174 100 individuals as per the 2011 Census (AVDC 2011). AVDC’s populace and houses keep on expanding in number. For example, over the most recent ten years up to 8600 new houses have been worked with half of the new forms from urban augmentations According toward the South Midlands Sub-Region study (2002) and the Milton Keynes Sub-Regional Strategy (2005). What's more, The Vale’s populace is relied upon to go up to 213 000 by 2026 (AVDC Housing and Homelessness Strategy, 2008-2013). The contact lodging strategy was grounded on explicit regions, for example, Leeds, Manchester, Nottingham, and West midlands, Oxford, Devon and Newcastle. The explicitness of the strategy program was to help give data fair and square of vagrancy in the referenced regions and Identify the extra lodging choices and the assistance need to cook for the requirements. In addition, the contact lodging strategy likewise/had key territories, for example, Housing Options avoidance administration, social equity system, social Impact Bond and Localism Act (Ambrose, 2008) There have been obstructions to the sound execution of the cont lodging strategy from various quarters in particular, The administration, Mayor of London Local lodging, Authorities, Chartered Institute of Housing, Health and prosperity Boards, Hospitals, for example, St Mungo’s just as the Ministerial Working Group which started the No Second Night Out model. (Wilcox, 2011) The above article is an intricate clarification on the lodging issue in the United Kingdom and the resulting

Lysistrata Essays - Lysistrata, Women In War, Aristophanes, Peace

Lysistrata Lysistrata is a play written in 411 BC by Aristophanes. Around then in Greek history, the city-states were continually warring with each other. Therefore, the ladies were left at home. One lady, Lysistrata, was so tired of the battling that she called the entirety of the ladies of Greece to a gathering. At the point when they at last appeared, Lysistrata introduced her arrangement for harmony: no sex until the wars stopped. She inevitably persuaded all regarding different ladies this was the best way to carry harmony to the land. The men were hopeless and at last they arranged a settlement to stop the threats. This play has its benefits and its ruins. All in all, notwithstanding, it is elegantly composed, funny, and in particular, it has a reason. On first look, the play is by all accounts close to a basic, clever story. Aristophanes composed the play not exclusively to engage, yet additionally to persevere against fighting. He accepted that war was a strange situation. At the openin g of the play, Lysistrata has assembled a conference of the considerable number of ladies and is restlessly sitting tight for them. She says that she has spent long, restless evenings struggling with the answer for the wars. She tells Kalonike, Only we ladies can spare Greece! As the remainder of the ladies show up, she educates them regarding her arrangement. The ladies are impervious to the possibility of no sex from the outset. They at that point understand that what Lysistrata says is valid. The ladies make a vow and pledge to each other that they will have nothing to do with their spouses until the wars stop. Aristophanes' utilization of ladies as the peacemakers shows the regular job of ladies as nurturers. He is showing how life ought to be, without war. In the midst of harmony, men are working at home nearby their spouses. At the point when war happens, ladies are left to accomplish all the work, household and something else. This surprises the parity of day by day life. Ari stophanes is asking his kindred Greeks to reestablish harmony and in this way life as they once knew it. As the play advances, the men are in outrageous torment and distress from the retention of sexual exercises. They reach the resolution, hesitantly, that the ladies are for sure right. To restore Greece, the battling must end. What's more, they are the ones with whom it needs to start. The men mastermind a bargain and afterward celebrate with the others, Athenian and Spartan the same. Yet, as I can envision, all, ladies and men, are restless to return home. With this play, Aristophanes' objective was to recount to an entertaining story and furthermore to spike his compatriots to determine their disparities for Greece and Greek life. We currently realize that they didn't regard Aristophanes alerts. The Golden Age of Greece came to an end, for the most part in view of the outrageous pride and egotism of the individual city-states. Aristophanes put forth a valiant effort to persuade them, however such is the wise counsel: it regularly goes unnoticed, a lot to the disappointment of all concerned.

Your APA Reference Page Will Be a Disaster If You Dont Follow These 11 Rules

Your APA Reference Page Will Be a Disaster If You Dont Follow These 11 Rules If you are in a university program focusing on the social sciences, it is likely youll become very well acquainted with APA (American Psychological Association) style. APA is a specific guideline for formatting your research writing, including everything from the font to use to how to create a reference page of your sources. For an overview of the style, as a whole, check out this video.This style is most often used in fields such as psychology, sociology, anthropology and education, so if youre in (or plan to be in) one of these areas of study and research, youll eventually need to learn APA styleâ€"or at least, need to learn where to find information about it. To help you do that, here are 11 rules that will help keep your APA reference page from being a disaster.APA is an academic writing style most often used in fields such as psychology, sociology, anthropology and education. Photo by Tookapic on Pexels.Rule #1: Put your references at the end of your paper but before your append ixPart of the reason different fields use consistent styles is to make sure researchers know where to look in a paper to find the information they need. If someone wants to know a source for a quote, figure, statistic, or finding youve used as evidence, they can always remember that the reference pageâ€"otherwise known as your list of sourcesâ€"can be found at the end of the paper (but before the appendix).Rule #2: Start your reference list at the top of a new page, with References centeredYou can always tell a fresh-out-of-high-school college student by the various ways he or she will format the reference page of a research paper. Some will put REFERENCES in all caps, bold it, italicize it, put it in quotation marks or underline itâ€"but all of them will be wrong in doing so.The correct way to being your reference list in an APA paper is to place the References heading at the top center of a new page, without any other font styles added. You can go to this link to see an example of this if youre still unsure of what to do.Rule #3: Be sure that each source used is includedA common mistake made by research writers, newbie and experienced alike, is to mention a fact taken from a sourceâ€"even cite it in the textâ€"but then forget to include the full citation for that source in the reference page section of an APA paper.Theres a way to avoid this but it requires a bit of forethought and planning on your end. First, as you write the paper, be sure to include the in-text citation for each quote, statistic, figure, finding, or reference to a study that you use. As soon as you do that, include it on a master sheet of references. This master sheet, which can be handwritten, will then be alphabetized, organized, and formatted to become your official APA reference page.Rule #4: Double-space your reference list with a hanging indent on the second and subsequent lines of each entryThis rule is a hard rule to rememberâ€"mostly because when you see a citation at the back of a textbook or footnote of an article, its typically single spaced. However, APA format requires that the entire paper be double-spaced, including the references list.The hanging indent part takes a little practice. If youre a whiz on Microsoft Word, you can adjust the style and Word will automatically create the hanging indents for you on each reference entry.Rule #5: Invert all authors names and include their full last name plus first name initialOn your reference list, youll alphabetize all sources based on the name of the author(s) who published them. In order to do this easily, you should invert all authors names to list their last name first, then the initial of their first name and middle name (if known).Example:Montcastle, V. B. (1997, April). The columnar organization of the neocortex. Brain Journal, 120, 701-722.This particular example is for citing a journal article and follows the following format:Author, A. A., Author B. B., Author C. C. (1994, January). Title of artic le. Title of Magazine, volume number(issue number), xxx-xxx.Rule #6: If there are more than seven authors, list the first six then use ellipses before listing the last authors nameSome studies are conducted and published by more than seven authors. While these studies might be rare, you will likely run into one at some point in your academic writing experience. APA has a specific format for citing such a studyâ€"list the first six in standard format (last name, A.A.) then the final author following the sixth one and separated by ellipses. If youre citing a journal article, your citation will look like this:Miller, F. H., Choi, M. J., Angeli, L. L., Harland, A. A., Stamos, J. A., Thomas, S. T., . . . Rubin, L. H. (2009). Web site usability for the blind and low-vision user. Technical Communication, 57, 323-335.Rule #7: Alphabetize by the last name of the first author of each entry and chronologically if the same authorIn cases where you have multiple authors, always use the name that is first listed on the study as the first author, and therefore, the name youll eventually alphabetize in your reference list when completed. Follow that authors name with the other authors in the order they are listedâ€"not in alphabetical order within the citation.In cases where you have multiple citations for the same author, as in several books and/or articles written by the same person, list the citations in chronological orderâ€"from the earliest to the most recent.Example:Berndt, T. J. (1981).Berndt, T. J. (1999).However, it gets a little more complicated if youre citing an author who has published on their own as well as with other authors. In these cases, always put the citation for the solo work first (regardless of chronology), then the collaboration next.Example:Berndt, T. J. (1999). Friends influence on students adjustment to school. Educational Psychologist, 34, 15-28.Berndt, T. J., Keefe, K. (1995). Friends influence on adolescents adjustment to school. Child Develo pment, 66, 1312-1329.If an author is listed as the first author on several studies with other authors, list the citations based on alphabetizing the second author.Example:Wegener, D. T., Kerr, N. L., Fleming, M. A., Petty, R. E. (2000). Flexible corrections of juror judgments: Implications for jury instructions. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 6, 629-654.Wegener, D. T., Petty, R. E., Klein, D. J. (1994). Effects of mood on high elaboration attitude change: The mediating role of likelihood judgments. European Journal of Social Psychology, 24, 25-43.Aphabetizing citations with multiple authors can be one of the most tricky parts of writing an APA reference list. Photo by Pixabay on Pexels.Rule #8: Dont abbreviate the journal title or use the ampersand, and maintain its capitalizationWhile some formatting styles allow both of these, APA does not. When writing out the journal citation in your reference list, write the whole journal name (without abbreviation) and dont use an amper sand () to replace and unless the journal itself prints it that way. Also maintain the capitalization for the Journal in title case.Example:Journal of Education and CurriculumRule #9: Capitalize the first word and the first word following a colon or dash, as well as proper nouns in books, chapters, articles, dissertations, speeches or webpagesCapitalization rules in APA follow a standard format that applies to most writing. You need to capitalize the first word of the sentence, as well as the first word that follows a colon or dash. Youll also need to capitalize all proper nouns. Note that the title of a book or article should not be in title case, only the journal name should be.Rule #10: Italicize titles of longer works such as books and journalsAs with most writing, youll need to italicize titles of books and journals (the name of the journal, not the article). Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes around the title of the article.Rule #11: Use the manual or OWL at Purdue for specific rules relating to entries based on type of sourceThe Online Writing Lab (OWL) at Purdue University is one of the most accessible and thorough APA resources available online. In fact, most of the examples I used throughout this article were taken from that website.The site is organized (in the left-hand column) by APA general format, in-text citations, footnotes/endnotes, reference list, stylistics, headings, tables and figures, and FAQs. It also provides sample papers written in APA format to allow you to see the style rules applied to writing. On the sample papers page, it even offers an automatic generator where you can plug in information about your source and the website will make the APA citation for you.Since there are so many rules related to citing and organizing an APA paper, and some complicated ones (multiple works by the same author, were looking at you!) youre likely not going to memorize every detail of the styleâ€"even if you write in it often. Thats why kno wing where to go for a solid source online is helpful. I have the OWL site saved in my laptops bookmarks to access easily whenever I need to look up a formatting rule.

The Theory Of Oedipus Complex - 1469 Words

Introduction The term Oedipal complex was initially used by Sigmund Freud as he developed a theory to explain the stages of psychosexual stages of development in an attempt to explain or describe the boy child feelings of attraction to the mother and anger and envy towards the father (Fear, 2005). Basically, the boy may feel like he is competing with the father for the belonging and possession of the mother. The boy sees the father as a threat for her affections, desires and attentions. In terms of the psychoanalytic theory, Oedipus complex may refer to the desire of a child to sexual engagement with a parent of opposite sex, specifically the boy’s amatory concentration, attention and attraction to the mother. Freud argues that the complexity of Oedipus plays an imperative function in the stage of Phallic where a kid undergoes psychosexual growth. Freud also trusts that if the stage completes successfully and the child manages to involve himself or herself with a parent of opposite gender ultimately, this involvement leads to the development of a sexual identity that is mature. As this theory explains, the boy child admires to seize or possess the mother fully and if possible out do the father, who this child always sees as a great enemy of the mother s love. The Freud Oedipus complex usually happens or takes place in the phallic stage of the children between the ages of three to five years, who at this age undergoes psychosexual development. This stage in the real senseShow MoreRelatedThe Psychoanalytic Theory Of Oedipus Complex3264 Words   |  14 Pages The Psychoanalytic theory of the Oedipus complex by Sigmund Freud Maria-Ourania Dova Student No. 1119868 EN3003-English Special Project Supervisor: Dr Nick Hubble Contents INTRODUCTION 3 CHAPTER 1 4 BIBLIOGRAPHY 11 INTRODUCTION Sigmund Freud’s theory about the Oedipus complex has always been a controversial concept both in psychology and philosophy. The main focus of this chapter is to summarize the development of the Oedipus complex, in Freud’s own writings, over a periodRead MoreOedipus Complex Essay793 Words   |  4 Pagesconnections. Sigmund Freud was heavily involved in researching psychology, which lead him to construct many theories such as the Unconscious Mind, the Psyche, and Oedipus Complex. 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InRead MoreLacan once said, in an unpublished seminar, â€Å"the Oedipus Complex is a dream of Freud† (Felman,1600 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"the Oedipus Complex is a dream of Freud† (Felman, 1034). It is a questionable theory and a so-called ‘dream’ because Sigmund Freud developed the Oedipus complex in such a way that allowed him to stand as an example of his own theory. It begins with what Freud would call ‘introspection’; the analysis of one’s self. He developed terms to use in his psychoanalysis; terms that divide the self and attempt to explain aspects of the human personality. Adding to the questionability of the theory is theRead MoreSigmund Freud : A Scientific Theory956 Words   |  4 PagesSigmund Freud was one of the great psychologist whose theories are still studied today. He studied the human mind more thoroughly than any other psychologist who came before him. Sigmund Freud has influenced different areas such as: psych ology, art, literature, and even how people think and make choices today. Freud is said to be the founding father of the psychodynamic perspective and believed that most human behavior is caused by dark, unpleasant, unconscious impulses pressing for expression (King)Read More No Oedipal Complex Found in Hamlet Essay1150 Words   |  5 Pages No Oedipal Complex Found in Hamlet nbsp; Some scholars have interpreted Hamlets actions throughout Hamlet to be the Oedipus complex.nbsp; According to the story of Oedipus, Laius, his father, learned from an oracle that Oedipus would kill him.nbsp; Laius then left his son to die on a mountain, where he was found and raised by the King of Corinth.nbsp; Oedipus was also told that he would someday kill his own father, and fled Corinth because he believed that the King of Corinth was his realRead MoreOedipus Complex in Hamlet Essay805 Words   |  4 PagesOedipus Complex in Hamlet In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Hamlet’s personality can be explained by the Oedipus Complex. Throughout the play there are many times where he proves that he has Oedipus Complex. Oedipus Complex was not around at the time that that Hamlet was written. It just shows that Shakespeare saw the same personality complex’ as Freud. Freud first named the Oedipus Complex Theory in his book , An Interpretation of Dreams, in 1899. Freud states The child takes both of its parents,Read MoreSigmund Freud s Theory And Criticism1345 Words   |  6 PagesJess Rubinstein Intro to Theory and Criticism Spring 2015 Midterm Essays Freud and Literature At some point in life, everyone has heard the name Sigmund Freud. Sigmund Freud was born in 1856, and went on to become one of the most talked about theorists. He is known as the father of psychoanalysis and has left behind an everlasting legacy. There were two influential and sometimes controversial theories that Freud left behind. Sigmund Freud’s big legacy was his work with dreams and the unconsciousRead More Hamlet and the Oedipus Complex Essay1229 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet and the Oedipus Complex  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeares play Hamlet contains very similar elements to Sophocles Greek Myth, Oedipus Rex. In the late 1800s through early 1900s, a Doctor based out of Vienna, named Sigmund Freud, developed a theory based on the events of the play Oedipus Rex, which has since been coined the Oedipus Complex.   Ernest Jones also applied his knowledge of Freudian psychology and wrote a persuasive paper suggesting that Hamlet cannot kill his uncle Claudius becauseRead MoreSons And Lovers By D. H. Lawrence901 Words   |  4 Pagesthan herself, which is one of Freud s early theories on sexuality, and Sons and Lovers deeply explores and revises of one of Freud s major theories, the Oedipus complex, such as Paul truly and deeply loves his mother compare to any other women that he would give of his love for that woman to show that he only wants his mother. Sigmund Freud was born from 1856, and died in 1939. Freud is the father of psychoanalysis. He continued to modify his theory over a period of nearly half a century. Psychoanalysis

Schizophreni Schizophrenia ( Paranoid ) Essay - 1505 Words

Schizophrenia (Paranoid) By: Roslyn Henderson Paranoid Schizophrenia is a subtype of Schizophrenia. Paranoid schizophrenia is the most common schizophrenia type. A person with this type of disorder is relatively stable, often paranoid, delusions, usually accompanied by hallucinations, auditory variety and perceptual disturbances. Disturbances of affect, volition, and speech, and catatonic symptoms, are not prominent. Schizophrenia is a very serious disorder in a lot of people. Studies show as many as 51 million people worldwide suffer from schizophrenia including 6-12 million in China. Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe neurological brain disorder estimated in 2014 to affect 1.1% of the population or approx 2.6 million adults in the United States aged 18 or older. (Rashmi, 2009). It is a lot of individuals that go untreated and in years to come more people will suffer with Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a serious disorder which affects how a person thinks, feels and acts. Someone with this disorder may have difficulty distinguishing what is real and what is imaginary; could be unresponsive or withdrawn; may have difficulty expressing normal emotions in social situations. It s not a split personality or multiple personality. Most people are not violent and don t pose a danger to others. Schizophrenic is not caused by childhood experiences, or poor parenting or lack of willpower, nor are the symptoms identical for each person. Currently the cause of this disorder is

Emerging Markets Free Essays

Emerging markets offer some of the best opportunities for growth, but also pose challenges different than those in developed countries and there are great responsiveness pressures that have to be addressed. For success Adaptation is crucial – a company should be malleable, willing to adjust expectations and reassign resources as needed. A global expansion plan also must be further refined to suit regional needs – or perhaps the even more specific needs of a single country. We will write a custom essay sample on Emerging Markets or any similar topic only for you Order Now Osagie remarked, in some emerging markets, one of the biggest obstacles can be a corrupt and pervasive government. Managing and responding to such a powerful governmental influence requires resources, diplomacy and the willingness to pay homage to people in power (Osagie, 2002). Risks can be deterrents, but if a company is willing to be courageous and creative – the returns can be highly financially rewarding. For instance, Boyner Holdings launched the Advantage card and opened up opportunities for people in Turkey to enjoy goods and services with deferred payments. The introduction of this consumer credit, an innovative adaptation, improved quality of life and made dreams and desires affordable (Boyner, 2014). Hamdi Akin explains how his company changed its model at the behest of the President, from a construction company to a Build-Operate-Transfer model, thus requiring him to change the company’s operating principle. Akin then used his new model and experience as leverage to gain economies of scale to support regional and global expansion (Akin, 2015). Both Boyner and Akin make the point that companies must identify and adapt to create value that meets customer needs and wants. The lesson from the video is that successfully managing the differences – political, cultural, geographic or economic is fundamental. Creating local allies is crucial and a grass roots approach to determine needs and create products and services of value is central. In all of the videos, the underlying theme is that Adaptation is key and that to expand companies should be audacious and take risks, both strategic and tactical. Additionally, companies should adjust the business and expectations to accommodate local preferences and necessities to gain relevance. How to cite Emerging Markets, Papers

The Movie Batman Returns and Its Hero

Introduction The movie Batman Returns is a typical example of how Christopher Vogler’s structures rings true in storytelling. Nonetheless, the director and production team took liberties with the sequences of these occurrences as well as the nature of characters that belong to those categories. In certain circumstances, one may be fooled into thinking that a character is an ally only to realize that he is an adversary. It was these twists and turns that make the movie breathtaking.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Movie Batman Returns and Its Hero specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The hero in Batman begins Batman begins has all the twelve elements of the Hero’s journey. The story is intertwined by a series of distant and close flashbacks which help to provide a background to the goings in the story. These flashbacks are what reveal the first component of the Hero’s journey; the ordinary wor ld. Audiences can get a glimpse of Bruce’s earlier life. He seemed happy and fulfilled as a child with both parents until their death. Thereafter, the young man develops a great degree of animosity and hatred towards his parents’ murderer – Joe Chill. One also gets a glimpse of the influential people in his life, such as Alfred Pennyworth and Rachel. The call to adventure occurs at an early point in the film. During the trial of his parent’s killer, Bruce decides to carry a gun with him into trial. His intention is to shoot the perpetrator if he is acquitted. However, another assassin learns of the wrong and prevents him from this great misdeed. It is at this point that the call to adventure occurs. Rachel tells him that Joe Chill had critical information about Gotham City’s worst drug baron – Carmine Falcone. He, alongside other hardcore drug lords, was terrorizing the city. They were the real problem, and if Bruce only killed Chill then he would be exerting revenge. Rachel asserted that true justice occurred when hardcore criminal elements like Falcone were captured. Bruce thus realized that Falcone was responsible for the city’s decay. He needed to deal with this man and others like him in order to restore sanity in Gotham (IMBD 18). In most films, the refusal to call occurs shortly after the call, and Batman Begins is not an exception (Vogler 7). Bruce confronts Falcone at his underground bar and gets beaten by his employees. At this point, he escapes into China where he steals and infiltrates into the criminal underworld. It seems as though the last place one would fight Gotham’s ills would be in China, which was miles away from his home place. Furthermore, he appeared lost and confused when he made this escape. Bruce then enters the fourth phase of the hero’s journey by meeting with his mentor. This happens when he goes back home and gets introduced to Lucius Fox. The latter individual gives him insights about the goings-on of Wayne Enterprises, and is the one who introduces him to a series of special weapons.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fox’s ideas lead to formation of the Batman persona since it is his technological inventions that facilitate this transition. It should be noted that at the beginning of the movie, Henri Ducard appears to be the mentor since he teaches Bruce valuable fighting and life lessons. However, later on in the film, one realizes that he was an evil man bent on destroying Gotham city. The fifth phase of Vogler’s hero’s journey is crossing the threshold. This occurs when Bruce modifies the battle suit, ski mask and other devices from Wayne Enterprises to create a disguise. However, when he first confronts Sergeant Jim Gordon, the story begins to take off from there. Shortly after this phase, Mr. Wayne then enters into t he tests and allies stage of the hero’s journey. This occurs when he does his first heroic deed. Falcone is unloading his drug shipments from a cargo ship; Bruce causes his allies to disappear, ties up Falcone, and disarms the thugs (IMBD 23). At this point, one learns that the hero’s key enemies are the drug dealers, with Falcone as the key suspect. Corrupt police officers such as Arnold Flass are also his adversaries. Conversely, Officer Gordon is his key ally in law enforcement as he is a just officer. Batman Begins’ sixth phase of the hero’s journey takes place much earlier than one would anticipate (Vogler 20). Batman’s biggest fear is that of bats. It reminds him of his parents’ death and the depression that followed thereafter. When he is back in the League of Shadows, Bruce inhales smoke that causes him to have delusions about bats. It was at this point that the individual overcomes the phobia, fights Ducard. and wins the sword fight . When he gets back home, he chooses the bat symbol in order to reflect this inner fear. He wanted his enemies to experience the same terror that the bats elicited in him. The Supreme Ordeal occurs when Ra’s plans on destroying the city using the microwave transmitter. Batman tries to stop him by engaging with him in the train. There are four League of Shadows members who seem to outnumber and beat Bruce. However, he manages to overcome them but has to deal with the paranoid residents of the city. As Batman enters into the train where Ra’s is located, one gets the sense that things are only going downhill from there. Ra’s even despises Batman by calling him an ‘ordinary man in a cape’ (IMBD 35).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Movie Batman Returns and Its Hero specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the hero proves the audience wrong when he uses a clever tactic to cut off one section of the train. Since the microwave emitter was the prime problem, its destruction through a train explosion marks the emergence of the hero from the near-death experience. This explosion also got rid of Ra’s who had become a source of turmoil in the film. Batman’s ability to come out of this situation proved that he was a hero worth his salt. The ninth phase of the journey, which is seizing the sword, occurs shortly after beating Ra’s. Bruce talks to Rachel and reconciles with her. She has now learnt that Bruce and Batman are one and the same. Furthermore, she realizes that she had misjudged Bruce’s character on the basis of his drunken escapades (IMBD 41). This scene ends with the promise of a reunion that could occur when Batman seizes to exist. Vogler explains that a kiss and some wise words are typical in this case. This was true for Batman Begins because she stresses how Batman’s cowl is Bruce’s real identity. When some evil forces pursue the hero after the seizing-the-sword phase, then this becomes the road back. One may argue that no such phase took place in the film. After Bruce destroyed his adversaries, he only meets with members of Wayne Enterprises as well as Alfred and Sergeant Gordon. No high-octane action scene follows after his victory (Vogler 26). However, one may also argue that the road-back phase occurs in a mild form through the person of William Earle. He shows up at the Enterprise ready to take on leadership of the corporation. Nonetheless, this chase ends as soon as it begins when William Earle learns that Bruce bought most of the stocks on offer and he has majority control over the enterprise. The eleventh phase of the hero’s journey is the transformation, which Vogler called the resurrection phase. At this point, Bruce realizes that he is pertinent to the success of Gotham City. He has also learnt about staying true to himself as well as the need to believe in himself. At th e beginning of his adventure, Bruce was not sure he could take down such a powerful force as the drug underworld, but through cooperation with his friends, he proved that he could. In Batman Begins, the last part of the film, which is the return phase, occurs when Bruce uses the experiences he encountered with Ra’s and Falcone to become a better superhero. He knows that criminals are not to be underestimated as they can use as much technology as he does. Gordon highlights this aspect, but Batman seems unfettered by it. He knows that restoring safety in Gotham is an achievable endeavor.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion The production team of Batman Begins played cleverly with the twelve steps of the hero’s journey. Some steps like the ‘road back’ were almost nonexistent while others were intermingled. For instance, approach to the inmost cave occurs before meeting with the mentor or crossing the threshold. Perhaps more importantly, the most critical phase of the hero’s journey fulfills all expectations of a Supreme Ordeal; it is tension-filled, spirited and full of action. This film has all the phases of the hero’s journey without drawing attention to the structure. The production team had thus perfected their skill. Works Cited IMBD. Batman Begins (2005) synopsis. 2005. Web. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0372784/plotsummary#synopsis Vogler, Christopher. A practical guide to Joseph Campbell’s the hero with a thousand faces. 1985. Web. This essay on The Movie Batman Returns and Its Hero was written and submitted by user Lawrence Lang to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Subliminal Recording Essays

Subliminal Recording Essays Subliminal Recording Essay Subliminal Recording Essay This essay is about the use of subliminal voice messages to improve the work of the employees in a company. The subliminal voice messages are the ultrasound voice messages, which cannot be heard, but are understood by the brain. It is believed now, that these can improve the efficiency, productivity, loyalty and enthusiasm of work place employees. The following paper is an attempt to prove this fact. Subliminal Recording Background: For the first time, the subliminal messages came into notice, when E. W. Scripture described the basic principles of the subliminal messages, in his book ‘The New Psychology’, published in 1898. Then, in 1900, an American professor of psychology, Knight Dunlap practically experienced it by flashing a shadow to the students while showing them an illusion, containing two lines, with the pointed arrows at both the ends, thus giving an impression of different lengths. He believed that this shadow had influenced his students subliminally in the perception of the lengths of the lines. The subliminal recording first got attention shortly after the discovery by Freud that all human beings possess a hidden, unconscious mind. Following this discovery, another scientist, named Dr. O. Poetzle, started research on the effect of subliminal stimulation on dream content. His efforts resulted in his discovery about a close relationship between the subliminal stimuli and the posthypnotic suggestion, in 1917. This discovery was named after him, as ‘The Poetzle Effect’. This effect shows that the subliminal perception of mind, shows its effect by evoking the dreams, or actions sometime after the original perception of mind occurred. Following these two successful discoveries, this field gathered more attention, and a lot Subliminal Recording 3 more efforts were made in an attempt to understand this phenomenon in a better way. All the research done in this field, has proved that the subliminal perception does have an influence on the unconscious or the subconscious mind. It has been proved that it is even helpful in changing the behavior of people. Effects of Subliminal Recording on Various Fields of Life Discussed below are the different aspects of life, where a proven effect of subliminal recordings have been showed. Public Awareness: The subliminal perception for the public awareness first took place in 1957, as an controversial experiment conducted by the market researcher James Victory in a Fort Lee, New Jersey, movie theatre. The subliminal messages used in this experiment were: â€Å"Hungry? Eat popcorn. Thirsty? Drink Coca-Cola. † These messages were flashed only for a fraction of a second, for every five seconds, during the show of movie named ‘Picnic. ’ It resulted in a dramatic increase in the sale of both the popcorn, and Coca-Cola. Reduction in Shoplifting: Recently, another way of communicating via subliminal messages have been discovered; it is by using the music and audio programs. The ‘TIME’ magazine has written in one of its articles, published in 1979, titled as ‘Secret Voices’, that in US and Canada, about 50 departmental stores were using this system of subliminal voice messages, in order to reduce the shoplifting and the employee theft. The article says that one of the East Coast chain of departmental stores, reported a 37% reduction of theft, leading to a profit of about $600,000 over a period of nine months Similarly, the WALL STREET JOURNAL, published an article in 1980, stating that this way of communication was Subliminal recording 4 used in a New Orleans supermarket. It resulted in a reduction in the pilferage loss from about $50,000 per six months to less than $13,000. Also, there was a drop in the Cashier shortages, from $125 per week, to about less than $10 per week. Here, the subliminal messages used were: â€Å"I take a great deal of pride in being honest. I will not steal. I am honest. † Now, in the next section, we come to the scientific evidence of the effects of subliminal recordings on the subconscious mind. Scientific Evidence Extensive Documentation of the Subliminal Perception: Dr. Norman Dixon, a psychologist at the University College in London, England, has summarized 748 research studies on subliminal perception, in his work titled as â€Å"Preconscious Processing. † One of such studies was done by Zuckerman, in 1960. This research work showed that the subliminal stimulus can by-pass the conscious effort of a person. It also stated that it makes it very unlikely for a person to resist the subconscious instructions. In his experiment, Zuckerman gave the Thematic Apperception Test cards to his subjects. These cards contained the ambiguous pictures, with the subliminal message ‘Write more’ or ‘Don’t Write’ on it. These messages clearly showed their effects as long as they were subliminal, but as soon as the subjects came to perceive them consciously, they lost their effects on them. Behavioral Improvements from Subliminal Messages: Dr. Lloyd H. Silverman, a psychologist at New York University has been working on the research of subliminal recordings since last 20 years. He experimented on 40 groups of subjects. All of them showed a positive response in the form of change of their behavior after exposure to Subliminal Recording 5 selected subliminal messages. One of such groups was that of the smokers. In 1980, he selected half a group of smokers, who were receiving the behavior modification therapy to quit smoking. They were exposed to the subliminal messages, and the results observed one month after the end of treatment showed that about 66% of the patients were still non-smokers, compared to 13% of the control group. Other groups of subjects used for experiments by Silverman included assertiveness training classes, adolescents receiving psychotherapy, college students in group therapy, alcoholics in the Alcoholics Anonymous counseling and people suffering from the insect phobias and overeating.

October Calendar of Famous Inventions and Birthdays

October Calendar of Famous Inventions and Birthdays October marks the first full month of fall and the coming of the Halloween and holiday season, but its the month when many  famous inventors  and scientists were born and a number of great inventions and brands were patented, trademarked, or copyrighted. Whether youre curious about who shares the same October birthday as you or just want to know what happened on this day in history, check out some of the great things that happened in October. Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights Find out what famous events happened on the October calendar concerning the history of patents, trademarks, or copyrights- from the first episode of the Twilight Zone on October 1, 1959, to the patent for the ballpoint pen in 1888. October 1 1959 - The first episode of Rod Sterlings Twilight Zone was copyright registered. October 2 1963 -  Martin Luther Kings famous I Have A Dream speech was copyright registered. October 3 1950 - The transistor was patented by Shockley, Bardeen, and Brattain. October 4 1949 - The patent for an antibiotic for typhoid was granted to Crooks, Rebstock, Controalis, and Bartz. October 5 1961 - Breakfast at Tiffanys, the movie based on Truman Capotes book, was copyright registered. October 6 1941 - Electric photography, now referred to as xerography or photocopying, was patented by Chester Carlson. October 7 1975 -  Patent  Number 3,909,854 was granted to Ysidro M. Martinez for a knee implant prosthesis. October 8 1901 - Domino Sugar was trademark registered. October 9 1855 - Isaac Singer patented his sewing machine. The first functional sewing machine  was invented by Barthelemy Thimonnier in 1830, and he was almost killed by enraged French tailors because they felt threatened by his invention. October 10 1911 -  Henry Ford received a patent for an automobile transmission mechanism. October 11 1841 - A patent for a collapsible tube for use with such items as toothpaste was granted to John Rand. October 12 1972 - Stevie Wonder copyright registered the words and music for You Are the Sunshine of My Life- Wonder registered his first work at age 14 in 1964. October 13 1893 - The melody for Happy Birthday To You was copyright registered. Happy Birthday was originally published as Good Morning To All in a book called Song Stories for the Kindergarten written by Mildred and Patty Hill. October 14 1835 -  Henry Blair received a patent in for an improved corn planter. October 15 1991 - Pizza Hut was trademark registered. October 16 1900 -  Frank Sprague was granted a patent for a multi-control for electric trains. October 17 1961 - Hot Rocks Candy was trademark registered. October 18 1931 - The famous inventor  Thomas Alva Edison died in West Orange, NJ, at age 84. October 19 1953 - Ray Bradburys novel, Fahrenheit 451 was copyright registered. Fahrenheit 451 was based on Bradburys earlier short story called The Fireman and later made into a movie. October 20 1904 - The song Yankee Doodle Boy was copyright registered. October 21 1958 - Tater Tots were trademark registered. October 22 1940 - Julian, Mayer, and Krause received a patent for cortisone, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, bursitis, adrenal insufficiency, allergies, diseases of connective tissue, and gout. October 23 1877 - A patent for a gas-motor engine was issued to Nicolaus Otto  and Francis and William Crossley. October 24 1836 - Alonzo Phillips patented a friction match.1861 - The first transcontinental telegraph system was completed, making it possible to transmit messages rapidly (by mid-19th-century standards) from coast to coast. October 25 1960 - The musical play Camelot by Loewe and Lerner was copyright registered. October 26 1928 - The novel Peter Pan by James Barrie was copyright registered. October 27 1992 -  Nintendo of America copyright registered the configuration of its hand-held game machine. October 28 1879 - William Lincoln was issued a patent for a lamp. October 29 1955 - Warner Brothers copyright registered the movie A Rebel without a Cause starring James Dean. October 30 1888 - A patent for a ballpoint pen was received by John Loud. October 31 1961 - Patent Number 3,003,667 was granted to Edward Aguado of St. Louis, MO, for an airway for artificial respiration.2,000 B.C. -   The pagans were known to celebrate the last night of their year on All Hallows Eve, which later became known as  Halloween  and was adopted as a trick or treat holiday. October Birthdays: Inventors, Scientists, and Artists Many notable historical figures in the fields of science, arts, and inventions were born in the 10th month of the Gregorian calendar, so read on to find out who shares your October birthday. October 1 1870 - Pieter van Essen was a Dutch artillery officer and the inventor of grape-shot shells.1904 - Otto Frisch was a noted Austrian physicist who worked on the  Manhattan Project  as  part of the team that built the atomic bomb.1916 - Hungarian Tibor Reich was a textile designer who designed a textile for Princess Elizabeths wedding  and was also awarded a Design Centre Award for his photographically based Flamingo printed textile in 1957 during the Awards inaugural year.1931 - Reginald Hall was a noted endocrinologist who  established internationally acclaimed  endocrine units in Newcastle and Cardiff, with special expertise in diseases of the thyroid and pituitary glands. October 2 1832 - Edward Burnett Tylor was an English anthropologist credited with sparking interest in anthropological science in England as a result of his research on primitive people’s mentality,  in particular, animism.1832 -  Julius von Sachs was a  German botanist who  researched nutrition, tropism, and transpiration of water in plant physiology.1852 - William Ramsay was a British chemist who discovered  neon gas.1891 - Henry Van Arsdale Porter invented the fan-shaped backboard used in basketball.1907 -  Alexander Robertus was a  British biochemist who  researched the structure and synthesis of nucleotides, nucleosides, and nucleotide coenzymes, and won the 1957 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.1907 - Lord Todd was a Scottish biochemist whose investigations of the building blocks of heredity earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1957.1914 - Jack Parsons was an American rocket scientist. October 3 1803 - John Gorrie invented a cold-air process of  refrigeration.1844 - Patrick Manson is  considered the father of tropical medicine.1854 - William Crawford Gorgas served as the American Surgeon-General and helped cure yellow fever.1904 - Charles Pedersen was a noted British biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in 1987. October 4 1832 - William Griggs invented photo-chromo lithography. October 5 1713 - Denis Diderot was a French encyclopedist who wrote the Dictionnaire Encyclopedique.1864 -  Louis Lumiere  made the first motion picture in 1895,  invented camera equipment for making movies, and created a projector for viewing movies.1882 - Giorgio Abetti was a noted Italian astronomer who researched and wrote about solar physics. October 6 1824 - Henry Chadwick was a baseball pioneer  who developed the first rule book for baseball.1846 -  George Westinghouse  was the inventor and businessman responsible for a commercial alternating current system.1866 -  Reginald Fessenden  was an inventor who broadcast the first program of voice and music.1918 - Abraham Robinson was a noted German mathematician most widely known for the development of non-standard analysis.1940 - John Warnock is a noted American computer scientist best known as the co-founder with Charles Geschke of Adobe Systems Inc. October 7 1903 - Louis S.  B. Leakey was a famous archaeologist and anthropologist who convinced other scientists that Africa was the most significant area to search for evidence of human origins.1927 - R. D. Laing was a famous Scottish psychologist who wrote extensively on mental illness and the experience of psychosis. October 8 1869 -  Frank Duryea  was an inventor who made the first auto built and operated in the U.S.1917 -  Rodney Robert Porter was an  English biochemist who  shared the Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology for determining the exact chemical structure of an antibody. October 9 1873 -  Karl Schwarzschild was a  German physicist and astronomer who  is best known for providing the first exact solution to the Einstein field equations of general relativity known as the Schwarzschild solution. October 10 1757 - Erik Acharius was a Swedish botanist called The father of lichenology. October 11 1758 - Wilhelm Olbers discovered the asteroids Pallas and Vesta.1821 -  George Williams was the Englishman who founded the YMCA.1844 - Henry John Heinz founded the prepared-foods company Heinz 57 Varieties.1884 - Friedrich C. R. Bergius was a  German chemist who  derived benzine from brown coal and won the Nobel Prize. October 12 1860 - Elmer Sperry was the inventor of the gyrocompass.1875 -  Aleister Crowley  was a  British occultist who  founded the religion of Thelema.1923 - Jean Nidetch was the  American nutritionist who  invented Weight Watchers. October 13 1769 - Horace H.  Hayden was considered the architect of the American system of  dental  education and the organizer of professional dentistry, who also co-founded the first dental college.1821 -  Rudolf Virchow was a German scientist who is referred to as the Father of Pathology and the founder of the field of Social Medicine.1863 -  Auguste Rateau was a  French mining engineer who  invented the Rateau steam turbine. October 14 1857 -  Elwood Haynes was an auto pioneer who  built one of the earliest American automobiles.1900 - W. Edwards Deming was a noted American scientist.1939 -  Ralph Lauren was the fashion designer who reinvented chaps.1954 - Mordechai Vanunu was a noted Israeli scientist. October 15 1924 - Lee A.  Iacocca is a CEO of Chrysler Corp1937 -  Anthony Hopkins  was a clinical neurologist who served as the  Director of the Research Unit at the Royal College of Physicians since 1988 (until his death in 1997). October 16 1708 - Albrecht von Haller was a  Swiss scientist who focused on  experimental physiology at the Academy of Science.1925 -  Lorraine Sweeney  was a  communications specialist1930 -  John Polkinghorne  was a British Physicist who was a prominent voice in explaining the relationship between religion and science.1979 - Matt Nagle was  born in Massachusetts as a quadriplegic and became the first to use a brain-computer interface to control movement. October 17 1563 - Jodocus Hondius was a Flemish mathematician and cartographer.1806 - Alphonse L.P.P. de Candolle was a Swiss botanist who wrote Gà ©ographie botanique raisonnà ©e to compile large amounts of data from the scientific expeditions taking place at the time.1947 - Charles A. Ingene was a macro-marketing researcher who wrote Mathematical Models of Distribution Channels. October 18 1854 - Solomon A. Andree was a Swedish engineer, balloonist, and Arctic explorer.1859 - Henri Bergson was a French philosopher who studied creative evolution and won the Nobel Prize in 1927.1947 - Luc Journet was a Belgian physician who wrote the Order of Zonnetempel. October 19 1859 - Georg Knorr was a German engineer who created brake system trains.1895 - Lewis Mumford was an American Sociologist who studied urban cities and architecture.1910 - Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar was an Indian-American astrophysicist who won the Nobel Prize in 1983 for his work on the structural evolution of stars. October 20 1812 - Austin Flint was a 19th-century heart research pioneer.1859 - John Dewey was a philosopher, educational theorist, and writer who emphasized learn by doing in education.1891 - James Chadwick was the English physicist who discovered the neutron.1924 - Kenneth William Gatland was an aerospace scientist who became an expert on spaceflight. October 21 1833 -  Alfred Nobel  was the Swedish scientist who invented the detonator for dynamite and nitroglycerin, after whom the Nobel Prize was named.1839 - Georg von Siemens founded the Deutsche Bank. October 22 1896 - Charles Glenn King was the biochemist who discovered vitamin C1903 - George Beadle was the American biologist who won the Nobel Prize in 1958 for discovering the role of genes in regulating biochemical events within cells.1905 - Karl Jansky was a Czechoslovakian who was the first person to discover cosmic radio emissions in 1932. October 23 1942 - Anita Roddick is the  English cosmetic manufacturer who founded the Body Shop. October 24 1632 -  Antony van Leeuwenhoek  was considered the father of microscopy because of the advances he made in microscope design and use.1953 - Steven Hatfill was an American scientist and a former researcher of biodefense for the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases who was accused (wrongfully) of starting the 2004 anthrax attacks.1908 - John Alwyne Kitching was a British zoologist and famed lecturer on biology at a number of Ivy League schools. October 25 1790 - Robert Stirling was the Scottish inventor responsible for creating the Sterling engine.1811 - Evariste Galois was a French mathematician  who wrote The Theory of G.1877 - Henry Norris Russell was an astronomy who discovered the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.1929 - Roger John Tayler was a British astrophysicist who wrote a number of textbooks about  stellar structure and evolution, plasma stability,  nucleogenesis, and cosmology.1945 - David Norman Schramm was an  American astrophysicist who was once the leading expert on the Big Bang theory. October 26 1855 - Charles Post invented the breakfast cereal Post Cereals.1917 - Felix the Cat was a famous cartoon cat who first made his debut  on this date. October 27 1811 - Issac Singer created the home sewing machine company Singer, used by everyone from professional designers to stay-at-home moms.1872 - Emily Post was an authority on etiquette.1917 - Oliver Tambo was the co-founder of the African National Congress. October 28 1793 - Eliphalet Remington was the  American gunmaker who invented the Remington rifle.1855 - Ivan V. Mitshurin was a Russian botanist who identified many new types of fruit.1893 - Christopher K. Ingold was an  English chemist who developed the idea of  reaction mechanisms and the electronic structure of organic compounds.1914 - Jonas Salk was the  American medical researcher who invented the polio vaccine.1914 - Richard Lawrence Millington Synge was a British biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in 1952.1967 - John Romero is an  American computer scientist who pioneered First Person Shooters (FPSs) like Doom and Quake in the 1980s. October 29 1656 - Edmond Halley was an English scientist who computer the orbit for Halleys Comet, which is where it got its name. October 30 1880 - Abram F. Ioffe was a Russian physicist who  established research laboratories for radioactivity, superconductivity, and nuclear physics.1928 - Daniel Nathans was an  American scientist who won the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of restriction enzymes. October 31 1755 - Jean Louis van Aelbroeck was a  Flemish agronomist whose work  led to dispensing with an extended fallow period between crops.1815 - Karl Weierstrass was a Germany mathematician who wrote the theory of functions.1835 - J. F. W. Adolf Ritter von Baeyer was a German chemist who won the  Nobel Prize  in 1905.1847 - Galileo Ferraris was an Italian physicist who invented AC power and the induction motor.1898 - Alfred Sauvy was a  French statistician who wrote Affluence and Population.1935 - Ronald Graham is an American mathematician who pioneered the field of discrete mathematics.

A gay man's case against gay marriage Essay

A gay man's case against gay marriage - Essay Example Once these ingredients are compromised the outcome is a broken relationship. Homosexuals should not consider their relationships as a particular breed that require special treatment rather focus on promoting healthy marriages. In fact there is a greater possibility for same-sex marriages to fail compared to their opposite sex counterparts. The society considers it as a social disorder. The belief that marriage was originally between a male and a female is indispensable. According to the author, gays find it difficult to answer the fundamental question as to why they a fighting for this kind of marriages. From a gay perspective he even considers it myopic and pointless. Homosexuals should consider a revision of their agenda and focus on more pertinent issues. Pathos is an emotional appeal to the reader. Michael’s claims cannot be quoted out of context. The author is not against homosexuals crusading for their rights. In fact, he is of the view that they have a right to partake of civil marriage, the benefits that come with it. Furthermore, denial of legal status give to opposite-sex couples is discrimination. The point why homosexuals are pushing for legalization of their marriages is not precise. For example, some argue that the traditional heterosexual relationships are not the best hence the need to try a different kind. Due to the shallowness of this proposition they think that by changing the players they will change the game plan without really having an alternative game plan. The argument is emotional vulnerability and maturity. Simply because there are many cases of divorce, domestic violence, child abuse and adultery among heterosexual couples does not imply theirs will work better. It is even ironical to use adultery; a religious term specifically in Biblical context to push their agenda. It is critical to remind them that what they practice is an abomination according to the

Racial Discrimination and Health Problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Racial Discrimination and Health Problems - Essay Example However, how much of this stands true for racism specific stress has also been the subject focus of many studies. Researchers found an association between perceived racism and ambulatory blood pressure in African American college students (Hill et al, 2007). Also at workplace, stressful racism places African Americans in a high probability group for the development of higher blood pressures (Health and Medicine Week, 2004). This clearly shows that racism can hasten the onset of hypertension even in younger age group and possible conclusion that can be drawn is that in an aging population the superimposed ill effects of stress induced by racism may be even greater. Similarly, women with higher stress scores who were subjected to high levels of internalized racism were at a higher risk of developing metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes due to altered hormone secretion (Tull et al, 2005). Studies have also attempted to assess objectively, mental and psychological implication s of racism specific stress (Chakraborty et al, 2009). Further research is required to reach a conclusion linking the association of stress per se resulting from experiencing racial discrimination per

Relationship Between Piggy And Ralph :: essays research papers

Growing relationship between Piggy and Ralph In order to complete this assignment one must look at too distinct characters. One is Piggy. Piggy represents the law and order of the adult world. He is the superego, the part of man’s personality, which attempts to act according to an absolute set of standards. Throughout the novel, Piggy attempts to condition the island society to mirror the society they all lived in when they were in England. Piggy’s continual references to his auntie demonstrate this philosophy. He tries to pull Ralph towards the reason-oriented side of human nature. The Other Character in the combination is Ralph. Ralph, a tall, blond, twelve-year-old boy, establishes himself as the leader of the boys when he blows the conch shell to call the first assembly. Throughout the story, he struggles to maintain order, forced to compete with Jack for respect. The relationship between Ralph in Piggy is somewhat complicated. Lord of the Flies a novel by William Golding begins with these two characters. One the first several pages the initial interaction between piggy and Ralph is described. At first Piggy is very eager to see that another boy beside himself has survived the plane crash. Piggy is very enthusiastic to introduce himself and get to know Ralph. In fact he is too enthused. This introduction partially alienates Piggy. However Ralph notices that Piggy is a competent individual and may be of value.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the book Ralph is mean to Piggy. This comes in part from his security with him. Ralph knows that he is Piggy’s only defense. Piggy is described as an outsider on page 21 when the narrator says â€Å"For a moment the boys were a closed circuit of sympathy with Piggy on the outside...† Ralph, nonetheless, does start relying on Piggy’s policies. One of these policies is building shelters so that they would be protected. Ralph also likes Piggy’s idea of using the conch shell to call meetings. Ralph and Piggy are also exposed to the dark side together this brings them closer. This is portrayed on page 152, â€Å"Piggy and Ralph, under the threat of the sky, found themselves eager to take a place in this demented but partly secure society. They were glad to touch the brown backs of the fence that hemmed in the terror and made it governable.

Economics Classical and Keynesian Essay

1. Suppose during 2012 there is a sudden unanticipated burst of inflation. Consider the situations faced by the following individuals—who gains and who loses? a. A homeowner whose wages will keep pace with inflation during the year, but whose monthly mortgage payments will remain fixed. This person has gained. Nominal income is income that you receive in a given time period and it is measured in current dollars. Real income is nominal income adjusted for inflation and is the purchasing power that your money has. Real income dictates the amount of goods and services the nominal income will buy. The homeowner’s nominal income has increased (say 3%), but inflation has increased by the same amount (3%). The 3 percent increase in inflation reduces the 3 percent increase in nominal income, so the nominal income has not increased faster than inflation. The nominal income has kept pace with inflation. The homeowner’s gain is in regards to his fixed mortgage. Because his mortgage is fixed, it is immune to the inflation increase. If his nominal income in 2011 is $30,000 and his mortgage is $12,000 per year, he has $18,000 remaining to pay all other expenses in 2011. If the homeowner receives a 3 percent raise, his nominal income for 2012 will be $30,900.00. His mortgage payment is fixed and will remain $12,000.00 per year. This leaves $18,900.00 of nominal income. When you reduce this nominal income by 3 percent to adjust for inflation, the homeowner has $18,333.00 of real income to pay for all other expenses in 2012. This is an increase of $333.00 from the year 2011 to 2012. This is not a huge increase, but this homeowner does gain. He can purchase more goods and services in 2012 than he did in 2011. 2011 Budget 2012 Budget Nominal income for 2011 $30,000.00 Nominal income for 2012 with 3% raise from 2011 $30,900.00 Mortgage in 2011 $12,000.00 Mortgage in 2012 $12,000.00 Money remaining for other expenses $18,000.00 Money remaining for all other expenses for the year 2012 before adjusted for inflation $18,900.00 Subtracting 3% from $18,900.00 to adjust for inflation, the real income per year is $18,333. This is the money remaining for all other expenses in 2012: $333 more than in 2011. $18,333.00 b. An apartment landlord who has guaranteed to his tenants that their monthly rent payments will remain the same as it was in 2011. The landlord loses because he receives less real income when inflation increases unexpectedly. The rent from his tenants becomes less than if prices had remained stable. The landlord’s income comes from the rent payments of the people living in the building. If he collects $200,000 in 2011 from rent payments, his nominal income for 2011 is $200,000. If inflation is 3 percent in 2012, his real income decreases. Real income is nominal income adjusted for inflation. Three percent inflation would reduce the nominal income by $6,000. This person’s real income would be $194,000. This is obviously less purchasing power than he had in 2011. Because the landlord’s nominal income stays the same and prices increase, his real income falls and his money has less purchasing power. He can buy fewer goods and services in 2012 than he did in 2011. The landlord’s nominal income has not risen faster than the rate of inflation and he ends up with a smaller share of total output. Inflation causes a redistribution of income and wealth. The landlord’s income has been redistributed. Inflation has caused $6,000 of the landlords’ money to be redistributed to the tenants. The tenants will continue to purchase at least as many goods and services in 2012 as they did in 2011. The landlord’s real income will fall relative to people whose nominal income increases with inflation. This income redistribution acts like a tax. It takes income or wealth from one group and gives it to another. Those who have gained in this situation are the tenants whose rent will not increase, but the landlord loses. c. A retired individual who earns a pension with a fixed monthly payment from their past employer during 2015: This person has lost. His nominal income remains the same, but his real income decreases because of  inflation and his dollars have less purchasing power. He has less money in 2012 to purchase goods and services than he had in 2011 and his standard of living decreases. He is able to purchase fewer goods and services than he could the previous year because his nominal income has remained the same and his real income is less. His real income has fallen relative to those whose nominal income has increased. His nominal income does not keep pace with inflation and he ends up with a smaller share of total output. 2. Explain the difference between REAL and NOMINAL GDP. Which do you suppose would be the more important measure when looking at long term economic growth as shown in the Aggregate Supply/Demand model? Gross Domestic Product is the dollar value of all the output of goods and services produced in a year in a country. Nominal GDP is that dollar value expressed in current prices. Real GDP is nominal GDP adjusted for price increases (inflation). Nominal GDP is calculated using current prices and real GDP is calculated using constant prices. Real GDP is an inflation-adjusted measure of physical output. Real GDP is the more important measure when looking at long term economic growth. The rate of economic growth measures the annual percentage increase in real GDP. Real GDP is the variable that is used to mo nitor long-term growth in the economy because it is the most comprehensive measure of economic activity. The Aggregate Supply/Demand model focuses on the behavior of two variables, the economy’s output of goods and services, as measured by real GDP; and the overall price level, as measured by the CPI. The output on the horizontal axis of the model is real GDP, which is the measure of the true value of annual national production. The amount of GDP output varies every year and so does inflation. Therefore, how we measure real GDP growth must be adjusted to reflect inflation. If the economy of a country in 2000 allowed for output to reach $100 million and in 2001 the economy allowed for output to reach $110 million, it appears that the economy has grown by 10 percent; but this is nominal GDP and has not been adjusted for inflation. When you adjust 2001’s GDP for inflation, say 5%, the real GDP for 2001 is $105 million. The economy has actually grown by 5 percent and $5 million dollars. This is still a large number, but not as large as $10 million. If you use nominal GDP to measure long-term economic growth, you are not getting the true picture of how much output has increased, or if it has actually fallen. If nominal GDP increases by 2 percent, but inflation  increases by 3 percent, output has actually declined by 1 percent. If you use nominal GDP, it could look like output has had a huge increase from year to year, but this gives a false measure. Nominal GDP has to be adjusted for changing price levels. Real GDP gives us an accurate reading of GDP because it measures output at constant prices. The more important measure of economic growth is reflected through real GDP. 3. Classical and Keynesian economists believe in a different role for the government in dealing with recessions. Explain the differences between the two theories and the different roles. Classical and Keynesian economists see the role of the government differently when dealing with a recession. Classical economists believe in the invisible hand and Keynesian economists believe in a helping hand. From the Classical point of view, the economy is inherently stable. They believe there is an automatic mechanism (an invisible hand) that moves the market toward equilibrium and stability. The Classical theory is based on the principle that the market can regulate itself when left alone. When output declines, it is only temporary and the market will self-adjust. Classical economists believe the role of the government during a recession should be to leave the market alone (laissez faire). Government intervention can o nly bring the economy down and impede the market mechanism from working. In the long run, the good of the economy is best served if the government does not interfere. Classical economists believe that long-run growth is more important and short-run losses are acceptable. The Classical theorists believe that supply creates its own demand (Say’s Law). If a good is produced, it will be purchased. Buyers and sellers just have to find a price acceptable to both. Classical economists believe that the economy is stimulated when more goods are produced. The concept of flexible prices is very important to the Classical theory. When demand slows, sellers can lower their prices to increase demand and thus restore equilibrium. If demand is too high, sellers can raise their prices to restore equilibrium. Flexible wages are also important to the Classical theory. When someone is unemployed, they can find another job by working for less money. Flexible wages guarantee that anyone who wants to work will work. Keynesian theory states that the economy is inherently unstable and needs a helping hand to find its equilibrium. This helping hand comes in the form of government intervention. Keynesian economists believe that the market is not capable of  achieving equilibrium by itself and it is possible that disequilibrium will last for a long time. Keynes believed that small changes in output, prices, or employment were likely to be magnified, not correcte d, by the invisible hand. He believed that the depression of the 1930s was not a unique event. He argued that a depression would happen again if we relied on the market mechanism to self-regulate. He saw that macro failure was the rule, not the exception. In the Keynesian economic model, the government has the important role of smoothing out business cycle bumps to ensure economic growth and stability. Keynes believed in helping the economy in the short run, not the long run. When in a recession, the government should not wait to see when or if the market will self-correct. Keynes believed the government should intervene to save jobs and income. Keynes saw that policy levers are both effective and necessary. Without such intervention the economy would experience repeated macro failures. The Keynesian perspective argues that an economy left alone will not reach its full capacity. Corrective intervention can come in the form of government spending (increased or decreased), tax cuts, or tax increases. Also, Keynesian economists believe that if you demand it, it will be supplied. Keynesian theory maintains that most economies are demand driven and supply is based on demand. Keynesian theory believes in inflexible prices and wages. Prices do increase, but prices are not as flexible when going down. Suppliers must make a profit and will not supply at a loss. It is the same for wages. Wages do decrease, but they are much more inflexible when traveling in that direction. Keynes also saw that the economy does, at times, call for a budget deficit or surplus. Duri ng a recession, the government can increase spending and/or lower taxes. This will cause the budget to run a deficit. Keynes also felt that when the economy is in good shape the debt should be paid. Debt payment can come in the form of spending cuts and/or tax increases. Keynes saw nothing wrong with an unbalanced budget when it was needed to keep the economy healthy and running smoothly. 3. Which do you believe is the relevant one in today’s current economic downturn? Keynesian theory is the relevant theory in today’s economic downturn. The market does need a helping hand. The economy can self-adjust, but the downturns can last for long periods and people suffer during these times. Without government intervention, an economic downturn can continue as it did in the 1930s. The government does have  policy levers available that they can use to shift the aggregate demand and/or aggregate supply curves. These measures help restore the economy to its full production possibilities potential.

Mental Health Issues Anxiety, Psychosis and Depression - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 376 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? There are quite different mental health issues which individual can develop for instance anxiety, psychosis and eventually depression. The word psychosis denotes a condition when an individual does lose the touch with the reality. When a person suffers from this kind of episode, it is a true signal of an underlying illness. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Mental Health Issues: Anxiety, Psychosis and Depression" essay for you Create order This can be as a result of a stressful physical activity and it is quite difficult to determine the root cause of the illness. When a person is suffering from psychosis may have demonstrated the following symptoms: delusions and eventually hallucinations. The common causes of psychosis are severe depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and traumatic experiences. The length of a psychotic episode depends on the underlying cause and for a person supporting such client may feel very real to them and can be actually frightening thus it is good to give them adequate support and let them be aware that you are there to help them. Therefore it is essential to support them. The symptoms of depression vary in 3 different categories. These include psychological symptoms, physical and social symptoms. In life, there comes a time when some people feel depressed and clinical depression as a result mood turns to be unresponsiveness for a time. Upon a client supporting a person with depression, two questions determine if a detailed assessment needs to be done to the client. These questions include the following: if the person has ever felt depressed and for what length and if the person had any pleasure upon doing anything. If any of these questions have got a positive response, it is essential to take a deep assessment for depression. Despite that, you need to be alert to the changes in the moods that may reveal depression and ensure the appropriate medical assessment is undertaken. Anxiety may be defined as an unfriendly experience similar to fear or dread associated with the probability, though not specific, of occurrence of something. It is normal though many people do experience it. In the actual sense, nervousness is the main issue that is concerned with the issue and thus as a person addressing this should be very critical on this. For a diagnosis of some kind of anxiety, an individual should have the anxiety as the symptoms